{"ikmk_id":"1402","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Augustus","inventory_number":"M 2429","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/mk-bochum.ikmk.net\/object?id=ID1402","permalink_source":"","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":51,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/51","publisher_name":"Bochum, Kunstsammlungen der Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-023414","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-023414","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-023414\/ID1402","legalBodyWeblink":"http:\/\/www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de\/althist\/muenz.html","author":"Elvers, Karl-Ludwig; Martin, Katharina"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"51","owner_name":"Bochum, Kunstsammlungen der Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-023414","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-023414","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/mk-bochum.ikmk.net","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/rub_bochum","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/51","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"666","nominal_de":"As","nominal_en":"As","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/as","nominal_gnd_id":"","info_de":"Der As; Asses (Mehrzahl). Eigentlich \u201eEiner\u201c bzw. \u201eEinheit\u201c. Bezeichnet im Gewichtssystem des Geldes der r\u00f6mischen Republik das in zw\u00f6lf Unzen (unciae) unterteilte Pfund (libra), mit wechselnden sinkenden Standards (vom obengenannten libralen zum semilibralen, sextanalen und schlie\u00dflich unzialen). Zun\u00e4chst gegossen als Teil des Aes grave, seit dem Ende des 3. Jhs. v. Chr. gepr\u00e4gt. Auch die entsprechende Einheit unteritalischen Schwergeldes wurde als As bezeichnet. Mit der Einf\u00fchrung des Denares (s. dort) kamen erst zehn, dann 16 Asses auf einen solchen. Augustus lie\u00df den As ebenfalls als Kupferm\u00fcnze weiterpr\u00e4gen, lediglich Nero gab ihn kurzfristig in Messing aus. Im Verlauf des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. werden Asses immer seltener gepr\u00e4gt und erscheinen zuletzt unter Aurelianus (reg. 270-275 n. Chr.).","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/nominal\/666"},"date_last":"2024-04-09 20:29:41","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/muenzstand\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"11","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/11","country_name_de":"Frankreich","country_name_en":"France","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/french_republic","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3017382","ikmk_region_id":"139","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/139","region_name":"Gallia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/gallia","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"355","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/355","mint_name":"Lyon","mint_name_de":"Lyon","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/lugdunum","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2996944"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"2","material_name_de":"Bronze","material_name_en":"Bronze","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ae","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/2"},"diameter":"30 mm","die_axis":"1 h","weight":"7.41 g","accession":"Kz 1\/12","access_year":"1966","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/zugangsart\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"14.11.1966","avers":{"leg_trans":"links umlaufend","leg_text":"CAESAR - PONT MAX","image_description":"Kopf des Augustus nach r. mit Lorbeerkranz.","foto_date":"2016-09-12","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"1","photographer_name":"Robert Dylka","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/mk-bochum.ikmk.net\/image\/ID1402\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/mk-bochum.ikmk.net\/image\/ID1402\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/mkbochum\/mk-edit\/images\/n1\/1402\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/mk-bochum.ikmk.net\/image\/ID1402\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/mk-bochum.ikmk.net\/image\/ID1402\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1614776382,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bochum, Kunstsammlungen der Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t, ID1402. Aufnahme durch Robert Dylka.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bochum, Kunstsammlungen der Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t, ID1402. Photographs by Robert Dylka."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"[RO]M ET AVG","image_description":"Altar der Roma und des Augustus in Lugdunum, flankiert von zwei S\u00e4ulen, auf denen Victorien stehen. An der Altarfront ein Eichenkranz (corona civica) zwischen Lorbeerzweigen und Figuren (Laren?).","foto_date":"2016-09-12","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"1","photographer_name":"Robert Dylka","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/mk-bochum.ikmk.net\/image\/ID1402\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/mk-bochum.ikmk.net\/image\/ID1402\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/mkbochum\/mk-edit\/images\/n1\/1402\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/mk-bochum.ikmk.net\/image\/ID1402\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/mk-bochum.ikmk.net\/image\/ID1402\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1614776397,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bochum, Kunstsammlungen der Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t, ID1402. Aufnahme durch Robert Dylka.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bochum, Kunstsammlungen der Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t, ID1402. Photographs by Robert Dylka."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"3","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Imperial period"},"literatur":"RIC I\u00b2 (Augustus) 57 Nr. 230 (15 v. Chr. bis nach 10 n. Chr.).","comment":"","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"4","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","name_en":null,"description_de":"30 v. - 283 n. Chr.","description_en":null,"concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/4"},"year_start":"-15","year_end":"10","date_verbal":"ca. 15-10 n. 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Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"19","keyword_de":"Westeuropa (ohne D)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4079215-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/4003761"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"14","timeline_item":"Augustus","description":"Als Gaius Iulius Caesar, der Octavianus genannte Adoptivsohn Caesars, 31 bzw. 30 v. Chr. erst bei Actium und anschlie\u00dfend in Alexandria aus den B\u00fcrgerkriegen der sp\u00e4ten Republik als Sieger hervorging und die alleinige Macht im R\u00f6mischen Reich errungen hatte, ordnete er das r\u00f6mische M\u00fcnzwesen neu. Goldm\u00fcnzen, zuvor nur in Krisensituationen verwendet, wurden zum festen Bestandteil der nunmehr trimetallischen W\u00e4hrung (Gold, Silber, Bronze). Das neue Herrschaftssystem erforderte neue Bilder, mit denen sich der Herrscher pr\u00e4sentierte. Einen weiteren Einschnitt bildete die Ernennung des Prinzeps zum \u201aAugustus\u2019, was \u201eder Erhabene\u201c bedeutet. Bis zu seinem Tod im Jahre 14 n. Chr. blieben ihm 41 Jahre, um das neue Herrschaftssystem zu etablieren. Gerade zu Beginn des neuen Herrschaftssystems, des Prinzipates, findet sich noch eine Vielzahl von ikonographischen Versuchen, die reizvolle und zum Teil schwer zu interpretierende Zeugnisse einer \u00dcbergangszeit sind.","year_from":"-30","year_until":"14","autor":"Weisser, Bernhard"}],"secondary_treatment":[{"ikmk_secondary_treatment_id":"12","item_de":"Einhieb","item_en":"Chop mark","description_de":"Einhieb mit einem Objekt undefinierter Form, meist in Form einer groben Scharte, u. a. zu Pr\u00fcfzwecken an M\u00fcnzen angebracht. Auch nachtr\u00e4gliche Verletzungen, z. B. durch Pickelhieb beim Bergen\/Auffinden des Objekts.","description_en":"A mark of undefined form made normally with a chisel-like tool, for example to test the purity of the core of a coin. It can also be the result of damage caused when the object was found.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/secondaryTreatment\/12","concept":["http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/chop_mark"]}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}